International law takes many forms. Some of the most common types of international law are treaties or otherwise formalized agreements. These are voluntary binding agreements between nations aiming to govern the rights and obligations of participating countries. Important character of International law are 1. The principle of sovereignty of state 2. it is based on consent – pacta sunt servanda 3. Equality 4. Sanction 5. Public international law and Private international law.

Customary international law also exists, comprising international obligations that arise from established international practices rather than from formal written treaties.

Some of the first international laws emerged centuries ago. For example, the laws of the sea were early laws that emerged in the 17th century as countries faced a need to regulate their interactions with the expansion of shipping routes. Such laws continued to expand to address a range of other areas, including issues related to human rights, by the turn of the twentieth century. These laws aimed to help regulate and precent mass suffering in warfare.

Since World War II, countries have signed numerous agreements on everything from nuclear proliferation, trade, fishing rights, climate change, outer space, the treatment of diplomats, and the rules of war. That body of rules and regulations is collectively known as international law. Countries make laws that apply to their people and on their territory. These are called domestic laws and may be quite different from one country to another. The law established between different countries and international organisations is called public international law, and the law established between citizens of different countries is called private international law.

Breaking down core human rights conventions : Fundamental Human rights (ICCPR , ICESCR)Obligation to criminalized ( CAT,CED ) and Protection of vulnerable Groups(CRPD ,CRC , CMW ,Refugee Convention). State obligations on International Human rights law 1. Respect must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. 2. Protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses 3. Fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights. In order for the state to effectively fulfil its obligation under the binding international human rights law, it might need to incorporate it into national law. Thailand is not a state party to 1951 refugee convention – refugee does not have a legal status nor entitled to any international protection under the refugee convention scheme in Thailand but contract the convention against torture.